atomicclock.now does two things: shows you reference time, and tells you how wrong your own clock is. The atomic clock measures your device's drift in milliseconds, the sync check turns that into a verdict and a fix, UTC gives the global reference, and TAI vs UTC vs GPS compares the three atomic scales.
From caesium to your screen
The second is defined by 9,192,631,770 transitions of the caesium-133 atom. National laboratories realise that definition, their clocks are combined into International Atomic Time, UTC is derived from it, and NTP distributes the result across the internet. This page sits at the far end of that chain — accurate to milliseconds, not nanoseconds, and honest about it.
Why your clock drifts at all
Consumer devices keep time with a quartz oscillator whose rate varies with temperature and age, typically drifting a second or so per day if left alone. Automatic synchronisation corrects this continuously, which is why a properly configured machine stays within a few tens of milliseconds.